The cell membrane
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The cell membrane is located in the outermost portion of the animal cell, and just inside the cell wall of a plant cell. The animal cell membrane contains cholesterol, while the plant cell membrane does not. The cell membrane protects the cell from it's surroundings and controls what enters and exits the cell; it works directly with mitochondria by allowing glucose to enter the cell.
Chromosomes & Chromatin
Nuclear Envelope
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The nuclear envelope (also known as membrane) is a lipid layer that surrounds the genetic material in a cell. This organelle regulates the passage of macromolecules like proteins and RNA, but always allow passage of water, ions, ATP and other small molecules. The nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus and provides protection from contaminants.
Nucleus
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The cell nucleus controls eating, reproduction, and movement. It is located at the center of the cytoplasm. The cell nucleus contains the cell's hereditary information and works with all the organelles in the cell.
Nucleolus
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The nucleolus assembles ribosomes which contain genes. It also organizes chromosomes in the nucleus. This organelle is located inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
Ribosomes
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Ribosomes are responsibly for protein production in all living things. Ribosomes contain RNA and amino acids. They are located in the cytoplasm moving around freely. This organelle woks closely with the rough endoplasmic reticulum to create proteins.
Lysosomes
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Lysosomes contain enzymes and have the sole purpose of digesting things and breaking down the cell when it dies. This organelle is created by the rough endoplasmic reticulumsnd the golgi apparatus; and are located in the cytoplasm until they are needed.
Mitochondria
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Mitochondria are often called the "Powerhouse of the cell". They digest food and convert it into energy for the cell through cellular respiration. Mitochondria can be found all throughout the cell, muscle cells are abundant in this organelle. They work with the cell membrane to obtain glucose and other enzymes.
Golgi Apparatus
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The golgi apparatus is a packing organelle. It takes simple molecules and packs them together creating more complex ones.This organelle (in conjunction with the endoplasmic reticulum) builds lysosomes and floats throughout the cell.
Vacuole
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A vacuole is essentially a storage bubble. They can store food or any kind of nutrients needed by the cell. The vacuole is supported by the cell wall and is located just inside the cell.
Peroxisomes
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Peroxisomes are very similar to lysosomes. They break down toxic material all around the cell. Peroxisomes contain enzymes that a very oxygen rich while lysosomes contain enzymes that are oxygen poor and have a very low pH. The liver has the most peroxisomes; this organelle is exceptional at digesting fatty acids and alcohol. They work with lysosomes to keep contaminant out of the cell and to provide energy.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
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The RER functions as a manufacturing and packing system. This organelle is a network of membranes that are found all throughout the cell and are attached to the nucleus. Cells that use a lot of protein need a lot of RER. This organelle works with the golgi apparatus, ribosomes, mRNA, and tRNA.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
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The SER is a storage organelle. It is a crucial part of the production and storage of lipids and steroids. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a variation of the SER. It is able to store ions in case the cell needs them later. This organelle is located in the cell's cytoplasm and works in junction with the golgi apparatus.
Chloroplasts
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Chloroplasts are the food producers in cell. These organelles are found only in plant cells; they convert light energy from the sun into sugars in a process called photosynthesis. All processes done by chloroplasts depend on the green chlorophyll molecules they contain. The sugars produced by photosynthesis are then processed by the mitochondria in the cell.
Cytoplasm
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Cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell. The cell organelles are suspended in this liquid. Cytoplasm dissolves all of the enzymes in the cell, the sugars is dissolves are then sent to the mitochondria and are used for energy.
Cell Wall
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Cell walls are made of cellulose and are found mainly in plant cells. Cellulose is a special sugar that is used for structure instead of energy. The cell walls contain and protect the cell and the other organelles. It is located on the outermost part of the cell.
Cilia & Flagella
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These organelles move liquid over other cells, making it easy for them to move and/or swim. If there many of these organelles they are called cilia; if there a few they are called flagella. This organelle works closely with the cell membrane by letting liquids in and out.